Vaginal discharge is a natural and normal occurrence for most women.
However, not all vaginal discharges are the same, and their colour can indicate different things about your vaginal health.
Understanding the changes in vaginal discharge colour is crucial for maintaining good vaginal health, but learning the ins and outs of your vaginal discharge can be confusing.
Fret not; here is the ultimate vaginal discharge colour guide, outlining the different coloured discharges you can experience and what they might mean for your health.
What is vaginal discharge?
Vaginal discharge is a fluid that is produced by the glands in the vagina and cervix. It is a natural and normal occurrence for most women and is vital in maintaining vaginal health.
The discharge helps keep the vagina clean by flushing out dead cells and bacteria and provides lubrication to prevent discomfort during sexual activity.
Different types of vaginal discharge can indicate different things about a woman's reproductive health. The amount, texture, and colour of vaginal discharge can vary depending on factors such as menstrual cycle, sexual activity, pregnancy, and certain health conditions [1].
So, what can different coloured discharge mean?
What is considered a normal discharge colour?
The colour of vaginal discharge can vary from person to person and can change throughout the menstrual cycle.
In general, a healthy vaginal discharge is typically clear or white and may become slightly yellowish during certain times of your cycle. This is because the amount and consistency of vaginal discharge can be affected by hormones.
It's important to note that "normal" vaginal discharge can vary widely between individuals and what is normal for one person may not be normal for another. Additionally, certain factors such as pregnancy, menopause, or hormonal contraception can also affect the colour and consistency of vaginal discharge [2].
Vaginal discharge colours and what they mean
There are 5 different discharge colours, all of which tell us different things about vaginal health. Understanding the changes in vaginal discharge colour can help you know what is healthy and what are potential health issues and when to seek medical attention.
Here are the colours of vaginal discharge and what they mean.
White or milky discharge
In most cases, white or milky discharge is due to normal vaginal bacteria and is nothing to be concerned about [3].
It's important to note that white or milky discharge can also signify pregnancy. During pregnancy, the body produces more oestrogen, which can cause an increase in vaginal discharge. The discharge may be thicker and whiter than usual and continue throughout the pregnancy [4].
Clear discharge
Clear vaginal discharge is a normal and healthy occurrence in most women. It is a natural way for the vagina to clean itself and maintain its pH balance.
Clear discharge can vary in consistency, from thin and watery to thick and sticky. It may also be odourless or have a mild, musky scent. This type of discharge is particularly common during ovulation, which is the time in the menstrual cycle when a woman is most fertile.
During ovulation, the body produces more oestrogen, which can cause an increase in vaginal discharge that is clear, stretchy, and resembles egg whites [5].
Red or brown discharge
Red or brown vaginal discharge can be concerning, as it is often a sign of bleeding. The colour of the discharge can vary depending on the amount and age of the blood.
In some cases, the bleeding may be light and only result in spotting, while in other cases, it can be heavy and accompanied by cramping or pain.
Some possible causes of red or brown vaginal discharge include:
- Menstruation: A woman's menstrual cycle can result in bleeding that ranges from light spotting to heavy flow. The color of the blood can vary depending on how old it is, with fresh blood appearing bright red and older blood appearing darker or brownish.
- Pregnancy complications: Bleeding during pregnancy can be a sign of a miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or other complications. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience bleeding during pregnancy.
- Infection: Some infections, such as sexually transmitted infections or pelvic inflammatory disease, can cause bleeding and abnormal vaginal discharge.
- Trauma: Injury or trauma to the vaginal area can cause bleeding and discharge.
If you are experiencing red or brown vaginal discharge, it's important to talk to a healthcare provider to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment [6].
Pink discharge
Similarly to red discharge, pink discharge can also indicate bleeding, which can be concerning depending on the hue. Dark pink discharge may indicate heavy bleeding or old blood, whereas a lighter hue may mean light bleeding or spotting.
Some reasons your discharge may be pink include [7]:
- Implantation bleeding: This light spotting can occur when a fertilised egg implants in the uterus, typically about a week before a woman's expected period.
- Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as during ovulation or menopause, can sometimes cause light bleeding or spotting.
- Infections: Yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis can cause pinkish discharge.
- Cervical polyps: Small growths on the cervix can sometimes cause spotting or bleeding.
- Sexually transmitted infections: Certain STIs, such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea, can cause bleeding or discharge.
If you experience pink vaginal discharge, talking to your healthcare provider is important.
Yellow or green discharge
Yellow discharge or green discharge colours are among the most concerning colours. Yellow or green vaginal discharge can be a sign of an infection or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Some possible causes of yellow or green vaginal discharge include:
- Bacterial vaginosis: This bacterial infection can cause a fishy odour and yellow or green discharge.
- Trichomoniasis: This is an STI caused by a parasite that can cause yellow or green frothy discharge, itching, and burning.
- Gonorrhoea: This is an STI caused by bacteria that can cause yellow or green discharge, along with painful urination and abdominal pain.
- Chlamydia: Caused by bacteria, this STI can cause yellow or green discharge, painful urination and pelvic pain.
- Yeast infection: Although more commonly associated with white discharge, a yeast infection can sometimes cause yellow or green discharge.
It is important to note that not all yellow or green discharge cases are caused by an infection, as certain medications or lifestyle factors can also affect the colour and consistency of vaginal discharge.
However, if you are experiencing yellow or green vaginal discharge, you should talk to a healthcare provider to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment. Left untreated, some infections can lead to more serious health problems [8].
When to see a doctor about your discharge colours
Pay attention to any changes in your vaginal discharge colour, texture, or smell, as it could indicate an underlying condition requiring medical attention.
Here are some situations where you should consider seeing a healthcare provider.
New or unusual discharge
If you notice any new or unusual discharge, such as a change in colour, texture, or odour, it's important to talk to a healthcare provider. This could be a sign of an infection or other underlying condition.
Itching or burning
If you experience itching, burning, or other discomfort along with your vaginal discharge, it may be a sign of an infection or irritation.
Pain during sex
If you experience pain during sex or notice bleeding after sex, it may be a sign of an underlying condition that requires treatment.
Abnormal bleeding
If you experience bleeding between periods or after sex or notice any blood in your discharge, it's important to talk to a healthcare provider.
Suspected STI
If you suspect you may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea, getting tested and treated as soon as possible to prevent further complications is important.
You should talk to a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your vaginal discharge. They can perform an exam and run necessary tests to determine the underlying cause and recommend treatment [9].
How to support your vaginal health
Taking care of your vaginal health is extremely important — here are some ways to maintain a healthy vagina.
Practice good hygiene
Keep the vulva clean and dry. You can do this by washing with warm water and mild soap and then patting the area dry with a clean towel. Avoid using harsh soaps, douches, or other products that can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
Wear breathable underwear
Cotton underwear can help keep the area dry and prevent the growth of bacteria. Avoid tight-fitting clothing or synthetic fabrics that can trap moisture and promote the growth of bacteria.
Practice safe sex
Use condoms or other barrier methods to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Talk to your healthcare provider about getting tested for STIs regularly.
Stay hydrated
Drinking plenty of water can help keep the vaginal tissues healthy and prevent dryness.
Eat a healthy diet
A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help support overall health, including vaginal health.
Avoid irritants
Avoid using products that irritate the vagina, such as scented soaps, bubble baths, or feminine hygiene products.
Consider probiotics
Probiotics can help support a healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina — especially vaginal probiotics which are formulated specifically for this area.
It's important to remember that every person's body is different, and what works for one person may not work for another. If you have concerns about your vaginal health, it's important to talk to a healthcare provider.
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